This is the second part (2 / 10) of my free course and my easy step-by-step guide to help you learn the 1000 most common Japanese words in 100 days.
I hope you are ready to continue your Japanese language journey!
Let’s learn the top 200 most common Japanese words!
行こう! Let’s go! ٩(⌒ω⌒)੭⁾⁾
Disclaimer: This course is in progress and constantly updated (currently finished part 3 / 10).
I have a full guide for words but without any grammar explanations here:
Beginner Guide: Learn 1000 Basic Japanese Words Quickly (Kanji & Romaji)
Learn the 1000 Most Common Japanese Words in 100 Days
Overview
- Level 1 – Top 100 Japanese Words (Day 1 – 10)
- Level 2 – Top 200 Japanese Words (Day 11 – 20)
- Level 3 – Top 300 Japanese Words (Day 21 – 30)
- Level 4 – Top 400 Japanese Words (Day 31 – 40)
- Level 5 – Top 500 Japanese Words (Day 41 – 50)
- Level 6 – Top 600 Japanese Words (Day 51 – 60)
- Level 7 – Top 700 Japanese Words (Day 61 – 70)
- Level 8 – Top 800 Japanese Words (Day 71 – 80)
- Level 9 – Top 900 Japanese Words (Day 81 – 90)
- Level 10 – Top 1000 Japanese Words (Day 91 – 100)
Learn Japanese: Top 200 Japanese Words (Level 2)
Day 11 | は、今日、どう、時、場合、後、中、時間、目、も |
Day 12 | の、本、日本語、友達、アメリカ、店、声、一つ、車、誰 |
Day 13 | に、場所、上、下、なる、会う、あげる、入る、部屋、へ |
Day 14 | 前、十時、三月、日曜日、午前、午後、明日、夜、夏、いつ |
Day 15 | で、東京、町、海、英語、電車、電話、自分、一人、二人 |
Day 16 | と、彼ら、先生、一緒、話す、思う、ゲーム、携帯電話、って、という |
Day 17 | 〜た、買う、勝つ、やる、遊ぶ、住む、歩く、繋ぐ、思い出す、撮る |
Day 18 | 〜て、笑う、待つ、乗る、選ぶ、楽しむ、続く、急ぐ、探す、考える |
Day 19 | 〜ている、知る、晴れる、開く、向かう、生きる、始まる、泣く、寝る、今 |
Day 20 | ください、から、まで、もう、よく、少し、まだ、ちょっと、どこ、なぜ |
Day 11: は、今日、どう、時、場合、後、中、時間、目、も
We will start the next level of our 1000-word quest by finally learning the 2nd most common Japanese word and particle.
The particle is the topic marker は (“ha” but pronounced “wa“). It is added after a word to mark the topic of a sentence. While liberal translations can cause confusion with our (invisible/omitted) subject marker が, it is important to know that は never marks the grammatical subject, the doer or be-er, of a sentence.
So when you read the sentence below be aware of our (invisible) ninja particle が and pay close attention to the (omitted) “I’m“, “he’s“, “I will“, and “it” in brackets.
101. は (topic marker)
は topic marker: marks the topic of a sentence Pattern: (topic)は(core sentence)。 |
私はアレックスだ。 As for me, (I’m) Alex. (means: I am Alex.) 彼は日本人だ。 As for him, (he’s) Japanese. (means: He is Japanese.) |
102. 今日
今日 きょう today |
今日はアニメを見る。 きょう は アニメを 見る。 As for today, (I will) watch anime. As for today, (we will) watch anime. (means: Today (I will) watch anime.) 今日、学校があるか? きょう、学校が ある か? Do (you) have school today? (more literal: Today, is there school?) |
103. どう
どう how, in what way, how about |
今日はどう? きょう は どう? How about today? How are you today? How’s your day going? (literal: As for today, how about (it/you)?) この漫画はどう? How about this manga? (literal: As for this manga, how about (it)?) |
104. 時
時 とき time, moment, occasion |
その時は来ない。 その とき は 来ない。 That time (will) not come. (literal: As for that time, (it) won’t come) 忙しい時はアニメを見ない。 いそがしい とき は アニメを 見ない。 When (I’m) busy, (I) do not watch anime. (literal: As for busy times, (I) don’t watch anime) |
105. 場合
場合 ばあい case, situation |
この場合は君が悪い。 この ばあい は きみ が 悪い。 In this case, you’re wrong. In this case, it’s your fault. (literal: As for this case, you’re wrong.) その場合は大丈夫だ。 その ばあい は 大丈夫だ。 In that case, (it) is okay. (literal: As for that case, (it) is okay.) |
106. 後、あと
後、あと behind, after, later |
この後、何をする? この あと、なに を する? What (will you) do after this? After this, what do (we) do? |
107. 中
中 なか inside, in, among |
その中は何がある? その なか は なに が ある? What’s in (it)? What’s in (there)? What’s inside of (it)? (literal: As for inside, what is there?) |
108. 時間
時間 じかん time |
この後、時間がある? この あと、じかん が ある? Do you have time after this? それは長い時間だ。 それは 長い じかん だ。 That’s a long time. (literal: As for that, (that) is a long time.) |
109. 目
目 め eye |
君の目は綺麗だ。 きみ の め は 綺麗だ。 As for your eyes, they are beautiful. (common liberal translation: Your eyes are beautiful.) 君の目が綺麗だ。 きみ の め が 綺麗だ。 Your eyes are the ones that are beautiful. (common liberal translation: Your eyes are beautiful.) |
110. も (additive inclusion marker)
も too, also (additive inclusion marker) Pattern: (topic)も(core sentence)。 |
私も! As for me, (that/it is) too! (means: Me too!) 漫画も好き。 As for manga, (they are) also liked. Mangas are also liked. (means: I also like manga.) |
Study Notes
Pattern: (topic)は(core sentence)。
私はアニメを見る。
私は(🥷が)アニメを見る。
As for me, (I) watch anime.日本は凄い。
日本は(🥷が)凄い。
As for Japan, (it) is amazing.彼女は日本人だ。
彼女は(🥷が)日本人だ。
As for her, (she) is Japanese.君は綺麗だ。
君は(🥷が)綺麗だ。
As for you, (you) are beautiful.
は: Please note that there doesn’t have to be a direct link between the topic of the sentence and the subject. They can be completely different people or things and depending on the context and situation the subject can refer to anything previously said or mentioned.
私は、来夢が好きだ。
As for me, Raimu is liked.
can mean: As for me, the person I like is Raimu.
can also mean: As for me, the vocalist I like is like Raimu.
(来夢 is the name of the vocalist of the Japanese visual rock band キズ)私は、お水だ。
As for me, (it) is water.
in a restaurant: As for me, (the thing I will order) is water.
in a shop: As for me, (the thing I will buy) is water.
は vs が: The most important difference is that every sentence needs a subject, even though it can be omitted and be invisible, while the topic particle is not necessary, but often used. While I will try to explain the usage and nuances of each particle, there’s only one thing that will really help you master this and that is experience.
You use the topic particle は for things that are known or things the listener has already heard of before. It is also used when you want to distinguish someone or something from something else while the topic itself is not the important part. The focus is on what follows after stating the topic and what you have to say about that topic.
The subject particle が, on the other hand, is used for information that’s new or things the listener doesn’t know or hasn’t heard of before. You use it when the important piece of information and the focus is on the subject itself, not the part after it and what you have to say about the subject.
私はアレックスだ。
As for me, (I’m) Alex.
私がアレックスだ。
I’m the one who is Alex.私は日本人だ。
As for me, (I’m) Japanese.
私が日本人だ。
I’m the one who is Japanese.
中 (なか vs 〜ちゅう): while usually read as なか and meaning “inside“, the kanji 中 can also be added after a noun and mean “during” or “while” in which case it is read as ちゅう.
仕事中 (しごとちゅう) translates as “during work“, “while working“, or “at work“.
も: essentially works like は, but it means “too“, “also“, or “as well“.
Pattern: (topic)も(core sentence)。
彼女も日本人だ。
彼女も(🥷が)日本人だ。
As for her too, (she) is Japanese.
means: She is Japanese, too.日本も凄い。
日本も(🥷が)凄い。
As for Japan too, (it) is amazing.
means: Japan is amazing, too.私もアニメを見る。
私も(🥷が)アニメを見る。
As for me too, (I) watch anime.
means: I also watch anime.君も綺麗だ。
君も(🥷が)綺麗だ。
As for you too, (you) are beautiful.
means: You are also beautiful.
Take Action
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
Day 12: の、本、日本語、友達、アメリカ、店、声、一つ、車、誰
We continue this exciting level with the most common Japanese word and particle!
The possessive class marker の is added after a word to mark the thing/person that possesses something or to mark the specific and more defined or detailed class (group/type/number/location/etc.) something belongs to.
111. の (possessive class marker)
の ‘s, … of … possessive marker: marks the possessor or the specific class another word belongs to Pattern: (noun)の(noun) |
私の犬だ。 (It) is my dog. (or: dog of me) 彼女の名前だ。 (It) is her name. (or: name of her) |
112. 本
本 ほん book |
アレックスの本だ。 アレックス の ほん だ。 (It) is Alex’s book. (or: book of Alex) それは日本の本だ。 それ は 日本 の ほん だ。 That is a Japanese book. (means: a book that belongs to the class Japan or a “book of Japan”) |
113. 日本語
日本語 にほんご Japanese (language) |
日本語の本を読む。 にほんご の ほん を 読む。 (I) read Japanese books. (I) read a Japanese book. (I) read books in Japanese. (means: a book that belongs to the class Japanese language) 日本語の音楽が好き。 にほんご の 音楽が 好き。 Japanese music is liked. (means: I like Japanese music.) |
114. 友達
友達 ともだち friend |
日本人の友達が来る。 日本人 の ともだち が 来る。 (A) Japanese friend (will) come. (My) Japanese friend(s) (will) come. これは友達の犬だ。 これは ともだち の 犬 だ。 As for this, (it) is my friend’s dog. |
115. アメリカ
アメリカ America |
アメリカの家が大きい。 American houses are big. (means: houses that belong to the class America) アメリカ人の友達が居ない。 アメリカじん の ともだち が 居ない。 (I) don’t have American friends. (means: friends that belong to the class Americans) |
116. 店、お店
店、お店 みせ、おみせ shop, store |
私の友達は大きい家を持つ。 私 の ともだち は大きい家を持つ。 As for my friend, (he) has a big house. 私の友達の店が近い。 私の ともだち の みせ が 近い。 My friend’s store is close. |
117. 声
声 こえ voice |
学校の友達の声が凄い。 学校 の ともだち の こえ が 凄い。 (My) school friend’s voice is amazing. (My) friend at school has an amazing voice. |
118. 一つ
一つ ひとつ one (item, thing) |
一つの問題がある。 ひとつ の 問題が ある。 There is one problem. 分からないことが一つある。 分からない ことが ひとつ ある。 There is one thing (I) don’t understand. |
119. 車
車 くるま car |
友達の車は、黒い。 ともだち の くるま は、黒い。 As for my friend’s car, (it) is black. アメリカの車が大きい。 アメリカ の くるま が 大きい。 American cars are the ones that are amazing. |
120. 誰
誰 だれ who |
日本語を教える男は誰? にほんご を 教える男は だれ? Who is the man, who teaches Japanese? これは誰の本か? これは だれ の ほん か? Whose book is this? (means: book of who) |
Study Notes
Take note of the different ways the particle の can be translated even though its general function actually never changes.
私の犬
my dog
(means: dog that belongs to the class I/me)アレックスの犬
Alex’s dog
dog of Alex
(means: dog that belongs to the class Alex)犬の物
(the) dog’s thing(s)
thing(s) of dog(s)
dog thing(s)
(means: thing(s) that belong to the class dog)犬のアレックス
Alex the dog
(means: Alex who belongs to the class dog)友達のアレックス
(my) friend Alex
(means: Alex who belongs to the class friends)アメリカの声
American voice
voice of America
(means: voice that belongs to the class America)日本のテレビ
Japanese TV
(means: TV that belongs to the class Japanese)
It always indicates the overall or more defined class something belongs to and therefore can also indicate possession by marking the person or thing that is in possession of something else (just like the English apostrophe-s).
You can stack の together in an insanely long loop of classes.
私の犬の物
my dog’s thing(s)
(means: thing(s) that belong to the class dog that belongs to the class I/me)日本人の友達の子供の声
(the) voice of my Japanese friend’s child
(means: voice that belongs to the class child who belongs to the class friend who belongs to the class Japanese)君の面白いアメリカ人の友達の黒いテレビの新しい問題
(the) new problem of your funny American friend’s black TV
(means: the new problem that belongs to the class black TV that belongs to the class friend who belongs to the class funny American who belongs to the class you)
The possessive marker の is another really powerful party member. Its full mastery will enable you to do a lot of things in Japanese.
It doesn’t only modify nouns or clauses and turns them into modifiers or adjectives, it can also nominalize verbs and adjectives and turn them into nouns, and be used as a sentence-ending particle to indicate a confident conclusion, emotional emphasis, or a question.
You don’t have to worry about the advanced skills right now, and please don’t feel like you have to remember all of them just now. I just want to mention them so you won’t be taken by surprise when you encounter them.
必要の場合
a case of necessity
a necessary/needed situation
(必要 is a noun and a na-adjective)元気のいい人
a cheerful/lively/energetic person
(元気 is a noun and a na-adjective)アニメを見るのが好き。
Watching anime is liked.
(means: I like watching anime.)欲しいのは犬だ。
As for the (one/thing) wanted, (it) is a dog.
(means: “What I want is a dog” or “All I want is a dog”)忙しいの。
I’m busy.
(confident conclusion or emotional emphasis)分かるの?
Do (you) understand?
一つ: ひとつ is one of the many Japanese counters that you will encounter throughout your journey. It’s a universal counter that can generally be used for pretty much everything except people and other living things (source). It’s often used when ordering something to eat or drink in a restaurant.
な(noun) vs の(noun): I guess the rule of thumb is that you should use な when you want to describe a noun and use の when you want to specify (label) a noun and indicate that it belongs to a certain class.
最高なアニメ
an anime that is awesome
最高のアニメ
an anime that belongs to the class awesome/best必要な本
a book that is necessary
必要の本
a book that belongs to the class necessity
However, there are often no real differences in nuance and meaning and one way is more common than the other: 最高の is more common than 最高な, but 必要な is more common than 必要の.
Take Action
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
Day 13: に、場所、上、下、なる、会う、あげる、入る、部屋、へ
The time has finally come for you to talk about locations, destinations, directions, and goals.
For this purpose, you are going to learn two new particles. The goal marker に (also known as the target marker or destination marker) and the direction marker へ (“he”, but pronounced “e”).
You can think of the particle に as a pin or flag that can mark all kinds of goals and targets. It can be the current location of someone or something (aka a previous target), a physical destination you are heading to, a goal you aim for or a state you want to reach, or the receiver of a thing or an action.
The direction particle へ is very similar and also marks physical destinations, figurative goals, and recipients of things, but it is vaguer. It points in a direction, shows and emphasizes the way, and implies some kind of movement instead of just pinning down the goal.
121. に (goal marker)
に to (direction, state), at (place, time), in, on, for (purpose) goal marker: marks literal and figurative goals including current and previous targets |
日本に行くの? (Will you) go to Japan? 友達がアメリカに来る。 ともだち が アメリカ に 来る。 (My) friend (will) come to America. |
122. 場所
場所 ばしょ place |
綺麗な場所に行く。 綺麗な ばしょ に 行く。 (I will) go to a beautiful place. この場所に居る。 この ばしょ に 居る。 (I) am at this place. |
123. 上
上 うえ above, on (top of) |
車の上に猫がいる。 くるま の うえ に 猫が いる。 There is a cat on top of the car. |
124. 下
下 した below, down |
貴方の漫画は、本の下にある。 貴方 の 漫画は、ほん の した に ある。 As for your manga, (it) is below the book. (means: Your manga is below the book.) |
125. なる、成る|なります、成ります
なる、成る to become |
彼女は、元気になる。 As for her, (she) will be fine. (means: She will be fine.) 一つになる。 ひとつ に なる。 (We will) become one. (It will) become one. |
126. 会う|会います
会う あう to meet |
仕事の後に友達に会う。 仕事 の 後 に ともだち に あう。 (I will) meet a friend after work. (I will) meet friends after work. After work (I will) meet (a) friend(s). |
127. あげる、上げる|あげます、上げます
あげる、上げる to give |
それは誰にあげるの? それは だれ に あげる の? As for that, who will you give (it) to? (means: “Who will you give that to?” or “Who is that for?”) 君は、それを誰にあげるの? 君は、それ を だれ に あげる の? As for you, who will (you) give that to? (means: “Who will you give that to?”) |
128. 入る|入ります
入る はいる to enter |
新しい学校に入る。 新しい 学校 に はいる。 I will enter a new school. |
129. 部屋
部屋 へや room |
テレビはその部屋の中にある。 テレビは その へや の 中 に ある。 As for the TV, (it) is in that room’s inside. As for the TV, (it) is inside that room. As for the TV, (it) is in that room. (means: The TV is in that room) 彼女も部屋の中にいる。 彼女も へや の 中 に いる。 As for her too, (she) is in the room. (means: She is also in the room.) |
130. へ (direction marker)
へ to, (heading) towards direction marker marks the literal or figurative direction or destination something is heading to |
友達のアレックスが日本へ来る。 ともだち の アレックス が 日本 へ 来る。 (My) friend Alex (will) come to Japan. 今日、日本へ行く。 Today (I will) go to Japan. (I will) go to Japan today. |
Study Notes
(destination)に行く
(destination)に来る(location)にいる
(location)にある(target/goal)にverbう
Sometimes Japanese learners get confused because に is used for a person’s or a thing’s current location. However, a location is actually just a “previous target” that someone moved to or something was moved to.
So once someone or something has arrived at a specific destination and remains at that very location, you use the goal particle に as it is still pinning down the old or previous goal/target.
に vs へ: Both particles can be used to mark a specific destination, goal, or receiver. The major differences are that へ is vaguer and emphasizes the way and movement towards the goal.
日本に行く。
日本へ行く。
(I will) go to Japan.彼はアメリカに来る。
彼はアメリカへ来る。
He (will) come to America.
Because of its vagueness, it can also be seen as politer, which is probably the reason why it is also commonly used when addressing someone in a letter.
アレックスへ
To Alex
Dear Alex
One very important exception, though!
The direction marker へ can’t be used for one’s current location. It makes a lot of sense, though, when you think about it since it doesn’t involve movement and/or vagueness.
Take Action
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
- Pick 3 or more places that you often go to or like to be from the additional example sentences & useful phrases page and add them as well.
Day 14: 前、十時、三月、日曜日、午後、明日、午前、夜、夏、いつ
Today, you will continue with our goal particle に mostly focusing on time expressions and answering the question when.
131. 前
前 まえ before, in front of |
仕事の前にテレビを見ない。 仕事の まえ に テレビ を 見ない。 (I) don’t watch TV before work. 家の前にお店がある。 家の まえ に おみせ が ある。 There is a store in front of (my) house. |
132. 十時、10時、10時
十時 じゅうじ ten o’clock |
十時に友達に会う。 じゅうじ に 友達 に あう。 (I will) meet a friend at ten o’clock. (I will) meet friends at ten o’clock. |
133. 三月、3月、3月
三月 さんがつ March |
三月に日本に行く。 さんがつ に 日本 に 行く。 (I will) go to Japan in March. |
134. 日曜日
日曜日 にちようび Sunday |
日曜日にアニメを見る。 にちようび に アニメを 見る。 (I will) watch anime on Sunday. |
135. 午後
午後 ごご afternoon, pm |
午後に仕事をする。 ごご に 仕事を する。 (I will) work in the afternoon. |
136. 明日
明日 あした tomorrow |
明日の午後に時間がある? あした の ごご に 時間が ある? Do (you) have time tomorrow afternoon? |
137. 午前
午前 ごぜん morning, am |
日曜日の午前に日本へ行く。 にちようび の ごぜん に 日本 へ 行く。 (I will) go to Japan on Sunday morning. |
138. 夜
夜 よる night |
夜に食べない。 よる に 食べない。 (I) don’t eat at night. |
139. 夏
夏 なつ summer |
友達が夏にアメリカに行く。 友達が なつ に アメリカに 行く。 (My) friend will go to America in the summer. (My) friend is the one going to America in the summer. |
140. いつ、何時
いつ、何時 when |
彼女は、いつ日本に来るの? As for (your) girlfriend, when will (she) come to Japan? As for her, when will (she) come to Japan? (means: “When will she/your girlfriend come to Japan?”) いつ彼に会う? いつ 彼 に あう? When will you meet him? |
Study Notes
(year)に
(month)に
(day)に
(date)に
(time)に
(days of the week)に
You don’t use the particle に with relative expressions of time such as 今日 and 明日 – just like in English. The rule of thumb is that whenever you would use in, at, on, etc. in English you also use に in Japanese.
今日、食事を作る。
Today I will cook.
I will cook today.明日、学校に入る。
Tomorrow I will enter school.
I will enter school tomorrow.日曜日に聞く。
On Sunday (I will) listen (to it).
(I will) listen (to it) on Sunday.10時に食事を食べる。
At ten o’clock (I will) eat a meal.
(I will) eat a meal at ten o’clock.三月に教える。
In March (I will) tell (you).
(I will) tell (you) in March.
いつ: is usually written in kana only and not in kanji (何時).
何時 (いつ vs なんじ): when written in kanji this is most commonly read as なんじ and means “what time” or “which hour“. “何時に会う?” means “What time do you want to meet?“
Homework
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
- Since I know that you will ask “But what about one o’clock and January and Monday?”. Well, you can find them on my additional example & useful phrases page. I wouldn’t bother learning all of them, though. If you want you can add a couple of more words that are useful to you.
Day 15: で、東京、町、海、英語、電車、電話、自分、一人、二人
In today’s lesson, you are going to learn one more important particle that is used to answer the question “where” but also “how“.
The particle is the context marker で. It is added after a place to mark where something is done or where an event takes place. However, it also marks how or with what something is done (means of transportation, tools used, done by you, done alone, etc).
141. で (context marker)
で at, in, by, with context marker: marks where something was done and how or with what |
家でアニメを見る。 (I will) watch anime at home. 車でお店に行く。 (I will) go to the store by car. (means: I will drive to the store.) |
142. 東京
東京 とうきょう Tokyo |
東京で友達に会う。 とうきょう で 友達に 会う。 (I will) meet a friend in Tokyo. (I will) meet friends in Tokyo. |
143. 町
町 まち town, city |
その町で仕事をしない。 その まち で 仕事を しない。 (I) do not work in that town. |
144. 海
海 うみ ocean, sea, beach |
海でこのうまい食事を食べる。 うみ で この うまい 食事を 食べる。 (I will) eat this delicious meal at the beach. |
145. 英語
英語 えいご English (language) |
これは英語でどう言うか? これは えいご で どう 言う か? As for this, how do you say (it) in English? 英語で書く。 えいご で 書く。 (I will) write (it) in English. |
146. 電車
電車 でんしゃ train |
君は電車で東京に行くか? 君は でんしゃ で とうきょう に いく か? As for you, do (you) go to Tokyo by train? Do you go to Tokyo by train? (Will) you take the train to Tokyo? |
147. 電話
電話 でんわ telephone, phone call |
電話で聞いたことは本当だ。 でんわ で 聞いた ことは 本当だ。 As for what you heard on the phone, (it) is true. (means: What you heard on/over the phone is true.) 電話で呼ぶ。 でんわ で 呼ぶ。 (I will) call (it/them) by phone. |
148. 自分
自分 じぶん myself, oneself |
自分で出来る。 じぶん で 出来る。 (I) can do (it) by myself. (means: I can do it myself.) 彼女は自分で食事を作る。 彼女は じぶん で 食事を 作る。 As for her, (she will) cook dinner by herself. As for her, (she will) make dinner by herself. (means: She cooks her own meals) |
149. 一人、1人、1人
一人 ひとり one person, (being) alone, (being) by oneself |
一人でアニメを見ない。 ひとり で アニメを 見ない。 (I) don’t watch anime alone. |
150. 二人、2人、2人
二人 ふたり two persons, two (people), a couple |
二人で日本に行く。 ふたり で 日本に 行く。 We both go to Japan. Together we (will) go to Japan. The two of us go to Japan. 二人の子供が来る。 ふたり の 子供が 来る。 Two children (will) come. |
Study Notes
(place)でverbう。
(means of transportation)で
(tool/item)で
(with group/number of people)で
電話: でんわ can also be used as a verb and mean “to call“, “to make a phone call“, or “to phone” by attaching する.
それは電話だ。
That is a phone.電話する。
(I will) call (you).
(I will) phone (you).彼女に電話する。
(I will) call her.
Take Action
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
Day 16: と、彼ら、先生、一緒、話す、思う、ゲーム、携帯電話、って、という
Do you know what? This is the day! You are finally there! Today, you are going to learn the last one of the main basic Japanese particles.
Tae Kim introduced it as the inclusive particle, but I will refer to it as the connection marker と.
It connects two or more things/people together, lists a group of related items or options, and is used for quoting (aka linking words, thoughts, or sounds to someone, something, or an action).
151. と (connection marker)
と and, with connection marker: marks and connects people, things, list items, or quotes that are somehow linked together Basic pattern: (noun)と(noun) (noun)と言う |
友達と海に行く。 友達 と うみ に 行く。 (I will) go to the beach with my friend. 犬と猫が好き。 Dogs and cats are liked. (means: I like dogs and cats.) |
152. 彼ら、彼等
彼ら、彼等 かれら they, them |
日曜日に彼らとその物を作る。 日曜日に かれら と その物を 作る。 On Sunday (I will) make that thing with them. 彼らと飲まない。 かれら と 飲まない。 (I) don’t drink with them. |
153. 先生
先生 せんせい teacher |
先生は日本語と英語が分かる。 せんせい は 日本語 と えいご が 分かる。 As for (our) teacher, (he) understands Japanese and English. |
154. 一緒
一緒 いっしょ together |
一緒に東京にいる。 いっしょ に とうきょう に いる。 (We/they) are in Tokyo together. (We/they) are together in Tokyo. アメリカ人の友達と一緒に日本に行く。 アメリカ人 の 友達 と いっしょ に 日本に 行く。 (I will) go to Japan with an American friend. Together with (my) American friend (I will) go to Japan. |
155. 話す|話します
話す はなす to talk, to speak |
先生と話す時間がない。 せんせい と はなす 時間が ない。 (I) don’t have time to talk to (my) teacher. 彼らは電話で話す。 かれら は でんわ で はなす。 They talk on the phone. |
156. 思う|思います
思う おもう to think |
それは本当に大変だと思う。 それは 本当に 大変だ と おもう。 I think that is really tough. いいと思う。 いい と おもう。 I think (it) is good. (It) is good, I think. |
157. ゲーム
ゲーム game |
彼女と二人でテレビゲームする。 彼女 と ふたり で テレビゲーム する。 (I will) play video games together with my girlfriend. (My) girlfriend and I (will) play video games together. (emphasizes: just the two of us, just my girlfriend and I) アニメと漫画とゲームとテレビゲームが好きだ。 Anime, manga, games, and video games are liked. (means: I like anime, manga, games, and video games.) |
158. 携帯電話
携帯電話 けいたいでんわ cell phone, mobile phone |
携帯電話を持たない。 けいたい でんわ を 持たない。 (I) don’t have a cell phone. (I) don’t have (my) cell phone with me. (I) don’t carry (my) cell phone with me. 日本の携帯電話で電話する。 日本の けいたい でんわ で でんわ する。 (I will) call (you) with a Japanese cell phone. (I) call on a Japanese cell phone. |
159. って
って I/you/he/she/they said I hear that…, as for… (casual quoting particle) |
ダメだって! I said no (you cannot)! 彼って、強いって思う? 彼 って、強い って おもう? As for him, do you think (he) is strong? (means: Do you think he is strong?) |
160. という
という called, named |
ファイナルファンタジーというゲームが好き。 I like a game called Final Fantasy. アレックスという人と話す。 アレックス という 人 と はなす。 (I will) talk to a person called Alex. |
Study Notes
(person)とverbう。
(person)と(person)…
(item)と(item)…(word)と言う
(thought)と思う
〜ら、〜等: 〜ら is one of the few words or rather suffixes that can be used to make personal pronouns plural. You just have to add them after the pronoun:
私 (I) → 私ら、私等 (we/us, but sounds a bit rough)
僕 (I) → 僕ら、僕等 (we, us)
俺 (I) → 俺ら、俺等 (we, us)
彼 (he) → 彼ら、彼等 (they, them)
彼女 (she) → 彼女ら、彼女等 (they, them)
あなた (you) → あんたら (you (plural), but pretty rough)
君 (you) → 君ら、君等 (you guys/buddies/pals)
先生: the word せんせい can also be translated as “instructor” and “master” and it can also be used for your doctor. When you yourself are a teacher and want to refer to your occupation it is better to use the more modest word 教師 (きょうし).
Use 先生 when addressing your teacher or other teachers.
Use 教師 when you are a teacher and mention your own job.
一緒: いっしょ is most commonly used as 一緒に and means “together (with)“. However, it can also mean “same” or “identical“.
一緒に行く
go together一緒だ。
(We are) together.
(It is/we are) the same.
に話す vs と話す: are both correct. に話す translates as “talk to” or “speak to“, while と話す translates as “talk with“.
友達に話す
talk to a friend
speak to a friend友達と話す
talk with a friend
携帯電話: instead of the full けいたいでんわ the shorter 携帯 (けいたい) is also often used to say “mobile phone” or “cell phone“. Nowadays the word スマホ is also commonly used in Japanese to say “smartphone“.
携帯電話 or just 携帯 mean “mobile phone“.
スマホ means “smartphone“.
だと思う vs と思う: do you remember that nouns and na-adjectives need the copula だ, but i-adjectives don’t because they have the “is…” built in? This is one of the many cases where knowing and understanding this grammar rule is so important.
(noun)だと思う
先生だと思う。
I think (he/it) is our teacher.(na-adjective)だと思う
元気だと思う。
I think (he/she) is fine.
I think (I) am fine.(i-adjective)と思う
楽しいと思う。
I think (it will) be fun.
ゲーム vs テレビゲーム: I have to admit that I cheated a little bit here to teach you two words at once. The word ゲーム means “game” including “board games” and “card games” while テレビゲーム is used for “video games“. You can either attach をする or in casual situations just する to say “play (video) games“.
って: can be used in a couple of ways and situations, but it often just replaces と when quoting someone or something in casual situations. That’s all you need to be aware of at this level.
(noun)だって
(na-adjective)だって
(i-adjective)って
The Japanese quotation marks (” “) are 「」 and they are called かぎかっこ.
「海」を英語でどう言う?
How do you say “umi” in English?海を英語でどう言う?
How do you say umi in English?
Take Action
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
Day 17: 〜た、買う、勝つ、やる、遊ぶ、住む、歩く、繋ぐ、思い出す、撮る
Now that you have obtained all the particles and have gotten a hell lot of power, you will focus on more common verbs in order to master the remaining tenses in Japanese.
So this lesson will be all about the helping word 〜た which is used to form the past tense and how to attach it and its related/conjugated forms (〜った、〜んだ、〜いた、〜いだ、〜した) to a verb in order to say “did…”.
A little alert upfront, this is by far the most complex form (conjugation) because of the sheer amount of combinations. However, it is not difficult. It is just more to memorize than usual, so don’t fret! Lift your katana and go!
161. 〜た
〜た did, (have) done helping word indicating past or completed actions |
それをした。 (I) did that. アニメを見た。 (I) watched anime. 食事を食べた。 (I) ate dinner. テレビを持った。 (I) had a TV. 本を読んだ。 (I) read a book. 音楽を聞いた。 (I) listened to music. 先生と話した。 (I) talked with (my) teacher. |
162. 買う|買います
買う かう to buy |
車を買った。 車を かった。 (I) bought a car. 家を買わなかった。 家を かわなかった。 (I) didn’t buy a house. |
163. 勝つ|勝ちます
勝つ かつ to win |
勝った! かった! (I/we) won! (He/she/they) won! 彼らは勝たなかった。 かれら は かたなかった。 They didn’t win. |
164. やる、遣る|やります、遣ります
やる、遣る to do (casual) to play (a game) to kill |
やった! (I) did it! ゲームをやらなかった。 (I) didn’t play games. |
165. 遊ぶ|遊びます
遊ぶ あそぶ to play, to hang out |
友達と遊んだ。 友達と あそんだ。 (I) hung out with my friend. 子供と遊ばなかった。 子供 と あそばなかった。 (I) didn’t play with the children. |
166. 住む|住みます
住む すむ to live, to reside |
東京に住んだ。 東京に すんだ。 (I) lived in Tokyo. アメリカに住まなかった。 アメリカに すまなかった。 (I) didn’t live in America. |
167. 歩く|歩きます
歩く あるく to walk, walk (around) |
犬と歩いた。 犬と あるいた。 (I) walked my dog. 町を歩かなかった。 町を あるかなかった。 (I) didn’t walk around the city. |
168. 繋ぐ|繋ぎます
繋ぐ つなぐ to connect, to link together, to hold (hands) |
手を繋いだ。 手を つないだ。 (We) held hands. 手を繋がなかった。 手を つながなかった。 (We) didn’t hold hands. |
169. 思い出す|思い出します
思い出す おもいだす to remember, to recall |
思い出した! おもいだした! (I) remembered! (means: “I remember now!” or “I just remembered!”) 子供の時を思い出さなかった。 子供の 時を おもいださなかった。 (I) didn’t recall my childhood. (I) didn’t recall the time when I was a child. |
170. 撮る|撮ります
撮る とる to take (a photo), to record (a video) |
携帯で撮った。 けいたい で とった。 (I) took (the picture) with my cell phone. (I) recorded (it) with my cell phone. それを撮らなかった。 それを とらなかった。 (I) didn’t take (a picture of) that. (I) didn’t record that. |
Study Notes
How to change verbs into the past tense:
Godan verbs: change depending on the last syllable
う、つ、る → った
う→った: 言う – 言った (いった)
つ→った: 持つ – 持った (もった)
る→った: 取る – 取った (とった)ぬ、ぶ、む → んだ
ぬ→んだ: 死ぬ – 死んだ (しんだ)
ぶ→んだ: 呼ぶ – 呼んだ (よんだ)
む→んだ: 飲む – 飲んだ (のんだ)く→いた: 聞く – 聞いた (きいた)
ぐ→いだ: 繋ぐ – 繋いだ (つないだ)す→した: 出す – 出した (だした)
Ichidan verbs (most iru, eru): remove the last syllable and attach 〜た.
食べる – 食べた (たべた)
見る – 見た (みた)Irregular verbs:
する – した
来る – 来た (きた)
行く – 行った (いった)
I guess you have noticed that I sneaked in the negative past as well, but just because it is really easy and simple!
Do you remember that 〜ない is an i-adjective and therefore the negative forms of all verbs are i-adjectives, too? This will come in really handy now because the negative past is the same for all verbs and i-adjectives.
How to change verbs and i-adjectives into the negative past tense:
Replace い with かった:
見る
見ない
見なかった (didn’t watch)行く
行かない
行かなかった (didn’t go)会う
会わない
会わなかった (didn’t meet)強い
強くない
強くなかった (wasn’t strong)忙しい
忙しくない
忙しくなかった (wasn’t busy)する
しない
しなかった (didn’t do)ある
ない
なかった (didn’t exist, wasn’t there)
It might take some time to get used to it but it is actually so simple, don’t you agree?
By the way, if you want to turn an i-adjective into its past tense form all you have to do is replace い with かった.
強い
強かった (was strong)
強くない
強くなかった (wasn’t strong)楽しい
楽しかった (was fun)
楽しくない
楽しくなかった (wasn’t fun)忙しい
忙しかった (was busy)
忙しくない
忙しくなかった (wasn’t busy)うまい
うまかった (was delicious)
うまくない
うまくなかった (wasn’t delicious)
Take Action
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
- Practice making the past tense and negative past tense with the verbs (and i-adjectives) we have learned so far. Start with the ones you need and use most often.
Day 18: 〜て、笑う、待つ、乗る、選ぶ、楽しむ、続く、急ぐ、探す、考える
The good news is that you can continue practicing the verb conjugations today and the even better news is that you only have to do one minor change (a tiny quest) to get another really powerful verb form (weapon).
The form is called the te-form and it is formed by attaching the conjunction particle て (or its related/conjugated forms って、んで、いて、いで、して) to a verb in order to do countless things such as giving commands and linking actions, attributes, different events, or states.
It works a bit like と but is used for verbs and adjectives (and clauses) instead of nouns.
171. 〜て (conjunction particle)
〜て conjunction particle used for giving commands and linking |
それをして! Do it! アニメを見て! Watch (the) anime! 食事を食べて! Eat dinner! 勝って! Win! 本を読んで! Read (the) book! 音楽を聞いて! Listen to music! 手を繋いで! Hold hands! 先生と話して! Talk with (your/the) teacher! |
172. 笑う|笑います
笑う わらう to laugh, to smile |
笑って! わらって! Smile! |
173. 待つ|待ちます
待つ まつ to wait |
待って! まって! Wait! |
174. 乗る|乗ります
乗る のる to get on (train, plane, bus, etc.), to ride (train, car, etc.) |
車に乗って! 車に のって! Ride the car! Get in the car! |
175. 選ぶ|選びます
選ぶ えらぶ to choose, to select |
一つ選んで! 一つ えらんで! Choose one! |
176. 楽しむ|楽しみます
楽しむ たのしむ to enjoy (oneself) |
日本を楽しんで! 日本を たのしんで! Enjoy Japan! |
177. 続く|続きます
続く つづく to continue |
続いて! つづいて! Continue! |
178. 急ぐ|急ぎます
急ぐ いそぐ to hurry, to rush |
急いで! いそいで! Hurry (up)! |
179. 探す|探します
探す さがす to search for, to look for |
仕事を探して! 仕事を さがして! Look for a job! |
180. 考える|考えます
考える かんがえる to think (about, of), to think over, to consider |
自分で考えて! 自分で かんがえて! Think by yourself! |
Study Notes
The te-form works exactly like the past tense form, but you use て (で).
Use the same rule as for the past tense 〜た but attach て (で for だ).
Godan verbs: change depending on the last syllable
う、つ、る → って
う→って: 言う – 言って (いって)
つ→って: 持つ – 持って (もって)
る→って: 取る – 取って (とって)ぬ、ぶ、む → んで
ぬ→んで: 死ぬ – 死んで (しんで)
ぶ→んで: 呼ぶ – 呼んで (よんで)
む→んで: 飲む – 飲んで (のんで)く→いて: 聞く – 聞いて (きいて)
ぐ→いで: 繋ぐ – 繋いで (つないで)す→して: 出す – 出して (だして)
Ichidan verbs (most iru, eru): remove the last syllable and attach 〜て.
食べる – 食べて (たべて)
見る – 見て (みて)Irregular verbs:
する – して
来る – 来て (きて)
行く – 行って (いって)
Homework
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
- Practice making the te-form with the verbs we have learned so far. Start with the ones you need and use most often.
Day 19: 〜ている、知る、晴れる、開く、向かう、生きる、始まる、泣く、寝る、今
And with today you can check the last one of the Japanese tenses off your quest list!
The tense is called the “continuous form” or the “continuous present” and you get it by adding the verb いる to the te-form. It is usually referred to as 〜ている but includes the other te-forms: 〜っている、〜んでいる、〜いている、〜いでいる、〜している.
It works just like the “is/are …ing” form in English and describes an action that is going on at the moment. It can also be used to describe an ongoing state that’s the result of a past action and mean that one has done something and the effects of that action continue.
181. 〜ている、〜てる (continuous form)
〜ている、〜てる to be …ing, to have been …ing continues to be (in state x) |
待っている。 まっている。 (I) am waiting. 急いでいる。 いそいでいる (I) am hurrying. (I) am in a hurry. 考えてる。 かんがえてる。 (I) am thinking. 楽しんでる。 たのしんでる。 (I) am enjoing (it). |
182. 知る|知ります
知る しる to know, to be aware (of), to get to know |
知っている! しっている! I’m aware of it! I know (it/him/her/them)! 彼を知っている? 彼を しっている? Do (you) know him? |
183. 晴れる|晴れます
晴れる はれる to be sunny |
今日は晴れている。 今日は はれている。 As for today, (it) is sunny. (means: Today is sunny.) |
184. 開く|開きます
開く あく、ひらく to (be) open |
そのお店は日曜日に開いてる? そのお店は 日曜日に あいてる? As for that store, is (it) open on Sundays? Is that store open on Sundays? 今日、開いている。 今日、あいている。 (It) is open today. |
185. 向かう|向かいます
向かう むかう to go towards, to head towards, to face |
学校に向かっている。 学校に むかっている。 I’m heading to school. |
186. 生きる|生きます
生きる いきる to be alive, to live |
カカシ先生は生きている。 カカシ先生は いきている。 As for teacher Kakashi, (he) is alive! (means: “Teacher Kakashi is alive.”) 生きてる! いきてる! (It) is living! (He/she) is alive! (They) are alive! |
187. 始まる|始まります
始まる はじまる to start, to begin |
学校は始まっている。 学校は はじまっている。 As for school, (it) is starting. As for school, (it) has started. (means: “School is starting.” or “School has started.”) |
188. 泣く|泣きます
泣く なく to cry |
彼女は泣いている。 彼女は ないている。 As for her, (she) is crying. (means: “She is crying.”) |
189. 寝る|寝ます
寝る ねる to sleep, to go to bed |
犬は寝てる。 犬は ねてる。 As for the dog, (it) is sleeping. (means: “The dog is sleeping.”) |
190. 今
今 いま |
今、アニメを見ている。 いま、アニメを 見てる。 (I) am watching anime now. Now, (I) am watching anime. 今、食事を食べてる。 いま、食事を 食べてる。 (I) am eating dinner now. Now, (I) am eating dinner. |
Study Notes
Use the same rules as for the te-form and attach the verb いる
言って → 言っている
待って → 待っている
取って → 取っている死んで → 死んでいる
呼んで → 読んでいる
飲んで → 飲んでいる聞いて → 聞いている
繋いで → 繋いでいる出して → 出している
食べて → 食べている
見て → 見ている
In casual Japanese, the い can be omitted and 〜ている turns into 〜てる
言って → 言ってる
待って → 待ってる
取って → 取ってる死んで → 死んでる
呼んで → 読んでる
飲んで → 飲んでる聞いて → 聞いてる
繋いで → 繋いでる出して → 出してる
食べて → 食べてる
見て → 見てる
Since いる is a normal verb you can conjugate the continuous form as you have learned before:
〜ている
〜てる
is …ing〜ていない
〜てない
is not …ing〜ていた
〜てた
was …ing〜ていなかった
〜てなかった
was not …ing
Example (polite form):
泣いている。
(I) am crying.
泣いていない。
(I) am not crying.
泣いていた。
(I) was crying.
泣いていなかった。
(I) was not crying.
Example (casual form):
寝てる。
(She) is sleeping.
寝てない。
(She) is not sleeping.
寝てた。
(She) was sleeping.
寝てなかった。
(She) wasn’t sleeping.
Always keep in mind that the Japanese continuous form has two meanings. So 始まってる, for example, can mean that something is starting right now or that something has started and is still ongoing.
始まっている
is staring (right now)
has started (and is still ongoing)
Homework
- Level up your flashcard deck and add the new words and sentences.
- Practice making the continuous form with the verbs we have learned so far. Start with the ones you need and use most often.
Day 20: ください、から、まで、もう、よく、少し、まだ、ちょっと、どこ、なぜ
Let’s farm the last couple of EXP to level up! ٩(⌒ω⌒)੭⁾⁾
On your last day of level 2, you are going to learn how to say “from” and “until”, a few adverbs of frequency, and a couple of more question words including “where” and “why” to spice up your sentences.
191. ください、下さい
ください、下さい please (give me), please (do for me) |
これをください。 This one, please. 日本に来て下さい。 日本に 来て ください。 Please come to Japan. Come to Japan, please. |
192. から
から from (time, place), since |
日本から来た。 (He/she) came from Japan. (means: “He/she) is from Japan.”) 十時から時間がある。 (I) have time from 10 o’clock. |
193. まで
まで until (a time), to (place) |
午後まで待ってください。 午後 まで まって ください。 Please wait until the afternoon. 今日から日曜日まで東京に行く。 (I will) go to Tokyo from today until Sunday. |
194. もう
もう already, (not) anymore |
もう始まった。 (It has) already started. もういない。 (He/she) is not there anymore. もう面白い。 (It) is already interesting. もう面白くない。 (It) is not interesting anymore. |
195. よく、良く
よく、良く often, well |
テレビをよく見る。 (I) often watch TV. よくできた! (You) did well! |
196. 少し
少し すこし little, few, little while |
そのアニメを少し見た。 そのアニメを すこし みた。 (I) watched that anime a bit. (I) watched a few anime. 少し高い。 すこし 高い。 (It) is a bit expensive. (It) is a bit high. |
197. まだ、未だ
まだ、未だ still, (not) yet |
彼女はまだ若い。 As for her, (she) is still young. (means: “She is still young.”) まだ日本にいる。 (I) am still in Japan. まだ買ってない。 (I) haven’t bought (it) yet. まだ良くない。 (It) is still not good. |
198. ちょっと
ちょっと a little, a bit, for a moment |
ちょっと待ってください! ちょっと まって ください! Please wait a moment! ちょっと見て! Take a (quick) look! |
199. どこ、何処
どこ、何処 where |
どこ? Where? どこに行く? Where do (you) go? Where (will you) go? |
200. なぜ、何故
なぜ、何故 why |
本当?なぜ? Really? Why? なぜだ? For what? なぜ笑うか? Why do you laugh? |
Study Notes
ください:the word is commonly used when asking for or ordering something in a restaurant or when buying something in a shop.
お水をください。
Water, please.
Please give me water.それをください。
That one, please.
Please give me that one.
〜てください:in combination with the te-form of a verb ください can be used to politely ask someone to do something.
食べてください。
Please eat.見てください。
Please look.待ってください。
Please wait.
から:has a couple of other meanings and usages as well. It can be used to say that you received or borrowed something from a person, for example, and it can also state the reason for (doing) something and mean “because“. In the latter case, it is either just から or the copula + から aka だから. We will cover that in detail later.
The adverbs of frequency like よく usually come in front of the verb but can also be in front of the whole clause:
アニメをよく見る。
よくアニメを見る。
(I) often watch anime.
アニメを少し見た。
少しアニメを見た。
(I) watched the anime a bit.
(I) watched a bit of the anime.
(I) watched a few anime.
Homework
- やった٩(ˊᗜˋ*)੭⁾⁾おめでとう!You cleared level 2 of your Japanese journey!
- But don’t forget to update your flashcard deck with the new words and sentences.
- Also, make sure to reward yourself by watching your 好きなアニメ in 日本語, playing Kingdom Hearts, Tenchu, or any other 好きなゲーム in 日本語, or by getting yourself your 好きな本 or 好きな漫画 in 日本語 and reading it! 楽しんでください!
レベル3へ行く〜٩(⌒ω⌒)੭⁾⁾
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Good luck with the challenge!
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